The following study was conducted at The
Prostate Center, Sarasota, Florida by Dr. Ronald Evan Wheeler. The purpose of the study was to test for a significant
difference in the PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) levels of twenty three prostate cancer patients treated with the herbal
formula Peenuts ®,.
The age range of the patients was 43 years old to 72 years old. These patients were studied over a variable period from 5
months to 64 months. The study took place from April 1999 to September 2004.
Data:
| Patient |
Age |
PSA at
Diagnosis
(ng/ml) |
Months |
PSA at
Follow-Up
(ng/ml) |
| 1 |
61 |
8.5 |
64 |
2.9 |
| 2 |
68 |
7 |
60 |
2.8 |
| 3 |
43 |
4.7 |
30 |
2.1 |
| 4 |
65 |
11.7 |
38 |
7.6 |
| 5 |
64 |
2.9 |
60 |
1.5 |
| 6 |
55 |
2.1 |
34 |
3.0 |
| 7 |
56 |
7.3 |
33 |
4.2 |
| 8 |
70 |
6.9 |
19 |
5.1 |
| 9 |
68 |
5.8 |
31 |
4.9 |
| 10 |
56 |
9.1 |
47 |
4.9 |
| 11 |
61 |
3 |
24 |
0.8 |
| 12 |
48 |
3.2 |
13 |
2.2 |
| 13 |
69 |
6.2 |
10 |
3.2 |
| 14 |
56 |
4.4 |
24 |
1.9 |
| 15 |
74 |
11.4 |
28 |
10.9 |
| 16 |
63 |
6.8 |
33 |
1.9 |
| 17 |
71 |
6.6 |
12 |
4.7 |
| 18 |
64 |
14.4 |
14 |
1.9 |
| 19 |
70 |
8.4 |
5 |
3.0 |
| 20 |
72 |
4.4 |
11 |
5.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Totals |
1254 |
134.8 |
590 |
74.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Mean |
62.7 |
6.74 |
29.5 |
3.73 |
ng/ml = nanograms per milliliter
Descriptive Statistics:
| PSA at Diagnosis Ø |
|
PSA at Follow-Up Ø |
| |
|
|
|
|
| Mean |
6.74 |
|
Mean |
3.725 |
| Standard Error |
0.718052923 |
|
Standard Error |
0.526351644 |
| Median |
6.7 |
|
Median |
3 |
| Mode |
4.4 |
|
Mode |
1.9 |
| Standard Deviation |
3.211230294 |
|
Standard Deviation |
2.35391611 |
| Sample Variance |
10.312 |
|
Sample Variance |
5.540921053 |
| Kurtosis |
0.319273095 |
|
Kurtosis |
3.59465374 |
| Skewness |
0.720065776 |
|
Skewness |
1.668528589 |
| Range |
12.3 |
|
Range |
10.1 |
| Minimum |
2.1 |
|
Minimum |
0.8 |
| Maximum |
14.4 |
|
Maximum |
10.9 |
| Sum |
134.8 |
|
Sum |
74.5 |
| Count |
20 |
|
Count |
20 |
The null hypothesis: H0 that Ø = Ø0
The alternative hypothesis: H1 that Ø < Ø0
Level of significance: α = 0.05
Test statistic: T test
| t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances |
| |
| |
PSA at Diagnosis |
PSA at Follow-up |
| Mean |
6.74 |
3.725 |
| Variance |
10.312 |
5.540921053 |
| Observations |
20 |
20 |
| Hypothesized Mean Difference |
0 |
|
| df |
35 |
|
| t Stat |
3.386473378 |
|
| P(T≤ t) one-tail |
0.000880968 |
|
| t Critical one-tail |
1.689572855 |
|
| P(T≤ t) two-tail |
0.001761936 |
|
| t Critical two-tail |
2.030110409 |
|
SUMMARY
Statistical evaluation for the change in Prostate Specific Antigen, PSA levels was significant using the t-Test. The
decision is to reject the null hypothesis that there was no change in PSA levels. There was a significant decrease in the
PSA levels (ng/ml) of the patients after treatment with the herbal formula Peenuts ®,. The P value for P(T≤ t) one-tailed T
test is 0.000880968. The dosage of the herbal formula Peenuts was two capsules daily.
There are twenty subjects in the study. Two subjects, Patient Number 6 and Patient Number 20 had slight increases in their
PSA levels. The other eighteen patients all had decreased PSA levels. Therefore 90% of the patients treated with the
formula had decreased PSA levels.
Patient Number 18 had the largest decrease from PSA 14.4 ng/ml at diagnosis to PSA 1.9 ng/ml at follow-up after 14 months.
Considering this subject to be an outlier, we re-evaluated the data using 19 patients. The results are as follows:
| t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances |
| |
PSA at Diagnosis |
PSA at Follow-Up |
| Mean |
6.33684211 |
3.821053 |
| Variance |
7.45356725 |
5.653977 |
| Observations |
19 |
19 |
| Hypothesized Mean Difference |
0 |
|
| df |
35 |
|
| t Stat |
3.02893837 |
|
| P(T≤ t) one-tail |
0.00229453 |
|
| t Critical one-tail |
1.68957285 |
|
| P(T≤ t) two-tail |
0.00458906 |
|
| t Critical two-tail |
2.03011041 |
|
At the significance level of alpha = 0.05: the P one-tailed test (T≤ t) is 0.00229453. Thus, there is a significant
decrease in the PSA level with these 19 subjects.
Statistical evaluation of the herbal formula Peenuts ®, has a significant effect in reducing PSA levels in this subject
group. Prostate Specific Antigen is a common measure in the prediction of Prostate Cancer. The herbal formula Peenuts ®, can
help to lower PSA levels in most subjects. Treatment with the standard dosage of two capsules of Peenuts ®, daily may also
be used as preventive nutrient in an effort to alter the natural history of Prostate Cancer in future studies.
Microsoft Excel Data Analysis Tools were used in the statistical calculations.
To see patient data for prospective prostate cancer study click here
|
